KF rings and WD
–Kayser-Fleischer rings are 1-3 mm and consist of copper granules in the stromal layer of the eye.
–Color changes are visible only in the Descemet membrane and typically are described as a golden brown, brownish green, bronze, or tannish green color seen in the limbic area of the eye.
–No visual impairments are associated with the color changes, which may be detected with the naked eye, although slit lamp examination is mandatory for confirmation.
–KF rings are seen in 90% of children with neurological symptoms, 50-60% without neurological symptoms and in 10% of siblings with asymptomatic disease.
–KF rings start as a small crescent at the top of the limbus and spread inferiorly then laterally and finally medially to become circumferential.
–The rings fade and disappear with appropriate chelation therapy in 3-5 years in the reverse order of appearance.
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